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首頁 > 每月病童故事 >顾念孩子的一生–SickKids医治脑肿瘤

顾念孩子的一生 – SickKids医治脑肿瘤

>> 关于脑肿瘤 <<

脑肿瘤有原发与继发两大类,原发肿瘤又分髓内与髓外。髓内肿瘤主要有胶质细胞瘤、神经细胞瘤和类胚叶间质肿瘤;髓外肿瘤主要有间质类肿瘤、上皮类肿瘤、畸胎瘤和松果体瘤等。

1.脑胶质瘤

胶质瘤是来源于神经上皮的肿瘤,在颅内各种类型肿瘤中占第一位,其发病率约占颅内肿瘤的40%~45%,常见有星形细胞瘤、星形母细胞瘤、多形性胶质母细胞瘤、髓母细胞瘤、少突胶质细胞瘤、少突胶质母细胞瘤、脉络丛乳头状瘤、松果体瘤等。

2.脑膜瘤

脑膜瘤为仅次于脑胶质瘤的第二种常见颅内肿瘤,约占颅内肿瘤总数的20%。脑膜瘤具有部位表浅、生长缓慢、与脑组织分界清楚等特点。大多数脑膜瘤属良性。瘤的组织形态可分为内皮细胞型与纤维型两大类。脑膜瘤来源于蛛网膜内皮细胞,以大脑凸面、矢状裂旁和大脑镰旁最多,其次为蝶骨嵴、鞍结节、嗅沟、小脑幕及颅后窝等几个部位,脑室内少见。可发生于任何年龄,但老人、儿童少见。

初到SickKids病童医院

健乐是个”Happy Kid”,妈妈雷丽芳和爸爸许忠友常常带着孩子四处去玩耍。直至六个月大的时候,从瀑布回来后健乐开始呕吐,他们还以为只是晕车。健乐随后被转介到SickKids后,医生为健乐紧急施行脑室外引流手术(external ventricular drainage,EVD),降低颅内压,保护脑组织。翌日,医院为他进行MRI磁力共振扫描,结果显示健乐脑部松果腺(pineal region)生有肿瘤。脑肿瘤其实有一百多种类型,健乐生的是一种名为「畸胎瘤」(Teratoma)的生殖细胞瘤(Germ Cell Tumour),非常罕见。健乐的脑瘤经化验其中包含95%属良性细胞,5%属恶性细胞。

两次手术

在SickKids住院期间,健乐进行了另外两次手术,抽取肿瘤活组织作检查。而在入院后两星期,医院最终决定为健乐做开脑手术。从后枕骨开脑,经小脑幕进入松果腺,摘除肿瘤(Occipital transtentorial Approach)。为七个月大婴儿的小脑袋开刀,风险不小,健乐有可能从此失明、瘫痪;但不开刀肿瘤会继续长大。SickKids医生团队对健乐父母表示很有信心,并耐心解答他们的疑问。

开脑手术约进行了六个小时,由多个医生组成团队。而在手术期间,手术等待室有电视如机场报告板一样,显示手术是否完成,孩子的情况怎么样。

手术成功

医生在完成手术后,到特别会客室和父母面谈,报告进展。手术非常成功,不用进行化疗及电疗,只需定时回SickKids进行MRI检查。

“成长期间使用化疗或电疗,都会受影响有后遗症。化疗药会将正常和不正常的细胞都一并杀死,尤其是在过去化疗药都不是专门性的。”SickKids病童医院发育及干细胞生物学系主任,高级研究员及多伦多大学分子遗传学系许志忠教授解释道。“小孩子在成长时,我们尽量不要让他们吃太厉害的化疗药,否则就算医好了也不理想。因为那个已不是他,骨不能长,脑发育不好。面对这些后遗症,对自己、家人和社会都是负担。”许教授解释道。

健康成长

现在,健乐除了要接受定时检查外,SickKids也为他做心理和智力评估。虽然妈妈觉得,他自生病之后各种发展都稍稍慢下来了,但专家认为他一切正常。这也是许教授,以至SickKids医护以至研究人员的理想:让每一个孩子,都正正常常,健健康康地长大成人。

2019-11-06T15:49:54-05:00

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