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首頁 > 每月病童故事 > 顧念孩子的一生 – SickKids醫治腦腫瘤

顧念孩子的一生 – SickKids醫治腦腫瘤

>> 關於腦腫瘤 <<

腦腫瘤有原發與繼發兩大類,原發腫瘤又分髓內與髓外。髓內腫瘤主要有膠質細胞瘤、神經細胞瘤和類胚葉間質腫瘤;髓外腫瘤主要有間質類腫瘤、上皮類腫瘤、畸胎瘤和松果體瘤等。

1.腦膠質瘤

膠質瘤是來源於神經上皮的腫瘤,在顱內各種類型腫瘤中佔第一位,其發病率約佔顱內腫瘤的40%~45%,常見有星形細胞瘤、星形母細胞瘤、多形性膠質母細胞瘤、髓母細胞瘤、少突膠質細胞瘤、少突膠質母細胞瘤、脈絡叢乳頭狀瘤、松果體瘤等。

2.腦膜瘤

腦膜瘤為僅次於腦膠質瘤的第二種常見顱內腫瘤,約佔顱內腫瘤總數的20%。腦膜瘤具有部位表淺、生長緩慢、與腦組織分界清楚等特點。大多數腦膜瘤屬良性。瘤的組織形態可分為內皮細胞型與纖維型兩大類。腦膜瘤來源於蛛網膜內皮細胞,以大腦凸面、矢狀裂旁和大腦鐮旁最多,其次為蝶骨嵴、鞍結節、嗅溝、小腦幕及顱後窩等幾個部位,腦室內少見。可發生於任何年齡,但老人、兒童少見。

初到SickKids病童醫院

健樂是個”Happy Kid”,媽媽雷麗芳和爸爸許忠友常常帶著孩子四處去玩耍。直至六個月大的時候,從瀑布回來後健樂開始嘔吐,他們還以為只是暈車。健樂隨後被轉介到SickKids後,醫生為健樂緊急施行腦室外引流手術(external ventricular drainage,EVD),降低顱內壓,保護腦組織。翌日,醫院為他進行MRI磁力共振掃描,結果顯示健樂腦部松果腺(pineal region)生有腫瘤。腦腫瘤其實有一百多種類型,健樂生的是一種名為「畸胎瘤」(Teratoma)的生殖細胞瘤(Germ Cell Tumour),非常罕見。健樂的腦瘤經化驗其中包含95%屬良性細胞,5%屬惡性細胞。

兩次手術

在SickKids住院期間,健樂進行了另外兩次手術,抽取腫瘤活組織作檢查。而在入院後兩星期,醫院最終決定為健樂做開腦手術。從後枕骨開腦,經小腦幕進入松果腺,摘除腫瘤(Occipital transtentorial Approach)。為七個月大嬰兒的小腦袋開刀,風險不小,健樂有可能從此失明、癱瘓;但不開刀腫瘤會繼續長大。 SickKids醫生團隊對健樂父母表示很有信心,並耐心解答他們的疑問。

開腦手術約進行了六個小時,由多個醫生組成團隊。而在手術期間,手術等待室有電視如機場報告板一樣,顯示手術是否完成,孩子的情況怎麼樣。

手術成功

醫生在完成手術後,到特別會客室和父母面談,報告進展。手術非常成功,不用進行化療及電療,只需定時回SickKids進行MRI檢查。

“成長期間使用化療或電療,都會受影響有後遺症。化療藥會將正常和不正常的細胞都一併殺死,尤其是在過去化療藥都不是專門性的。”SickKids病童醫院發育及乾細胞生物學系主任,高級研究員及多倫多大學分子遺傳學系許志忠教授解釋道。“小孩子在成長時,我們盡量不要讓他們吃太厲害的化療藥,否則就算醫好了也不理想。因為那個已不是他,骨不能長,腦發育不好。面對這些後遺症,對自己、家人和社會都是負擔。”許教授解釋道。

健康成長

現在,健樂除了要接受定時檢查外,SickKids也為他做心理和智力評估。雖然媽媽覺得,他自生病之後各種發展都稍稍慢下來了,但專家認為他一切正常。這也是許教授,以至SickKids醫護以至研究人員的理想:讓每一個孩子,都正正常常,健健康康地長大成人。

2020-02-21T00:43:27-05:00

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